Microbiology Answer-13

(B) All of the drugs listed are antiviral agents.
Amprenavir is a protease inhibitor and is often
combined with other anti-HIV agents in highly
active antiviral therapy (HAART) regimens.
Inhibition of the protease prevents the final synthetic
steps in virus multiplication. Acyclovir
(choice A) is an antiherpes agent that blocks
DNA synthesis. Didanosine (choice C) is a
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(NRTI) that blocks one of the initial steps in
replication of the viral codon. Enfuvirtide
(choice D) is one of the newest agents with
activity against HIV. It appears to prevent
fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane.
Zidovudine (choice E) is an anti-HIV
drug that blocks viral reverse transcriptase, the
initial step in converting the host cell to virion
production.

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Microbiology Answer-12

(C) Mebendazole is useful in a variety of
roundworm (nematode) infections including
ascaris, pinworm, whipworm, and trichinosis.
It is not recommended for fluke infections but
is an alternative drug for beef tapeworm.
Dehydroemetine (choice A) is occasionally
used in severe systemic amebiasis. It is very
toxic and of no value in helminthic infections.
Diloxanide (choice B) is the drug of choice for
asymptomatic intestinal amebic infections
but is not useful for helminthic infections.
Metronidazole (choice D) is one of the most
effective antiamebic agents for tissue infection.
It is not used in helminthic infections.
Praziquantel (choice E) is an effective anthelminthic
drug for flukes (trematodes) and many
tapeworms (cestodes). It is not useful in roundworm
infections.

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Microbiology Answer-11

A) CGD is due to a deficiency in neutrophil
NADPH oxidase that leads to an inability of
neutrophils to destroy bacteria. Defective
phagocytosis results from a leukocyte adhesion
deficiency (choice C). Individuals with CGD
have normal levels of serum immunoglobulins
(choice E), and they do not have defects in
the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes
(choice B), or in complement components
(choice D).

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